The Smith Family

Robert Smith and Frances Smiton, the author's great-great-great-great-great-grandparents, were married in Torryburn on the northern shore of the Firth of Forth in December 1757 (record dated the 17th). Their children were:
John Smith of Edinburgh (b. 27 Feb 1761 or 1763 Torryburn - d. 1846 western Sydney), carpenter, farrier and farmer, and his wife Mary Harley (1766 - 1835) were amongst the earliest free settlers in Australia. They were married in St. Giles, Edinburgh on 27 July 1787 (though this may be the registration of their intention to marry) at which time John Smith was described as a Cabinet maker of Old Gray Friars Parish; Mary Harley of the same parish was the Daughter of Robert Harley, Officer of Excise at Torryburn. Torryburn, Fife, is a small town just across the Firth of Forth from Edinburgh (56°03'30.21"N, 3°34'20.08"W) in coal country.
Robert Harley of Tillycoultry and Mary Downie of Stirling, the author's great-great-great-great-great-grandparents, were married in the parish of Tillicoultry on 28 Nov 1765.

Mary, baptised in Tillycoultry, Clackmannanshire on 16 October 1766, was their eldest child. Her siblings were:
  • Christian (born Carriden, West Lothian, 9 July 1768)
  • James (born Carriden 1772)
  • Robert (born Carriden, 16 June 1774)
  • another James (born Torryburn 1779)
  • Janet (born Torryburn 1782) and
  • David (born Torryburn, 2 Oct 1785).
The John Smiths left Britain with two other families of friends (the Andrew McDougals and the John Bowmans) in 1797. Margaret Hardwick explains the background to this decision as follows:

Governors Hunter and King wanted to make the NSW colony self-supporting and when King was Lieutenant-Governor he interviewed men including Smith, McDougal and Bowman in London 1797 with this in mind: the three men were engaged as carpenters to build a corn mill in Parramatta. John Smith was the only one living in Scotland but the other two had Scottish origins and they were firm friends.

Their passage was arranged by the Duke of Portland on the Barwell, a Thames-built (1782) East Indiaman of 796 tons, reputed to be a fast sailer, on her maiden voyage to New South Wales under Capt. John Cameron. The Times reported that the Barwell was in the Downs on 11 Oct 1797 together with another ship bound for Botany Bay and two warships. This was in the middle of the Napoleonic wars and transports tended to travel in convoy (e.g. to St. Helena) escorted by RN vessels. The Barwell left Portsmouth on 7 Nov 1797, presumably in such a convoy.

The Barwell arrived in Sydney on 18 May 1798. Nine of the 296 male convicts aboard had died en route. There had also been an attempted mutiny or two, subsequently hushed up: see separate story.
At the time of the Barwell's return to England, The Times noted (on 11 September 1799):
'SHIP NEWS
'PLYMOUTH, Sept 11.
'Arrived the Barwell East India ship, JOHN CAMERON, Esq. Commander, from New South Wales and China, put in by contrary winds. Sailed from St. Helena the 6th of July, in company with the Armenia country ship, Tellicherry extra ship, and Triton, with upwards of 300 French prisoners from Madras, under convoy of the Cornwallis armed ship, of 18 guns. Parted company the 24th ult. off the Western Isles [=Scilly?]. Colonel ORR, Captain and Mrs NANGE, Lieutenant and Mrs GRAHAM, Lieutenant HASWELL and Lieutenant REDDISH, came passengers in the Barwell; the latter of whom sat [sic] off this evening with dispatches for the Government and the East India Company. The Company's ship Glattan, bound to India, arrived at St. Helena a few days previous to the Barwell's sailing.
'The Missionaries who made their escape from Otaheite, and arrived at Port Jackson, had a piece of ground allotted them by the Governor, in the cultivation of which they were busily employed, and were likely in the course of a short time to bring it to such a state of perfection as to subsist the whole of them in a comfortable manner. Four of them remained at Otaheite, one of which is a Mr JEFFERSON of this town.'

When the three families arrived in Sydney there had been a change of Governor and the corn mill job had lapsed. All three families received land grants in the Hills District (i.e. Baulkham Hills), stayed close friends and their children intermarried.

John Smith seems to have contracted, on 18 Oct 1799, to pay 5/- p.a. over 14 years for a property in Parramatta. In any case, two months later he was granted 150 acres by Gov. Hunter in the Baulkham Hills district (elsewhere called Toongabbie) on 12 Dec 1799 (the property was called "Torry Burn" after their home town in Scotland). The McDougal family received a grant of 150 acres next door. At the time of the grant, the Smith property supported 3 sheep, 20 pigs and 5 goats with 14 acres of wheat sown. There were 2 men, 1 woman and 4 children "on stores" (dependent on the commissary). In the Settlers' Muster Book (census) of 1800, the 150-acre grant appears as follows: 30 acres cleared, 8 sown in wheat, 8 "to be in maize", 4 male and 7 female sheep, 8 male and 16 female goats, 8 male and 9 female hogs. 25 bushels of grain in hand. 1 woman and 5 children "off stores" [i.e. not a burden on government resources] plus 1 government servant [i.e. convict] "off stores". Andrew McDougal, with wife and six children, was in very similar circumstances. [Mrs McDougal died at Baulkham Hills on 27 Oct 1817.]

By the 1806 muster, the property has 14 acres of wheat, 12 of maize, 1 of barley, ½ of potatoes, 5 of orchard and garden, 89½ of pasture, 20 fallow. There are 3 cows, 3 oxen, 20 male sheep, 40 female sheep, 8 female goats, 9 male and 9 female hogs. 15 bushels of maize in hand. Not victualled by government: 1 proprietor, 1 wife, 4 children, 3 convicts. [In the early years, the settlement risked starvation: hence the preoccupation with the numbers relying on government stores, and the liberality of the Governors toward free farmers who were prepared to take responsibility for a few convicts.]

In the 1828 census (the population of NSW did not exceed 40,000 souls), we find John Smith, 66, CF Barwell 1798 (i.e. "came free" on the Barwell in that year), P (Protestant), Settler of Baulkham Hills; and Mary Smith, 60, CF Barwell 1798; and William Smith, 21, BC (i.e. "born in the colony"). The other children had left home. Mary, 34, CF Barwell 1798, P, is safely married to James Elder, 50, CF R. Admiral 1800, P, and has a tribe of children, including Ann, 7.

Although the early records assist by identifying people according to their ship and year of arrival, and status (convict, came free, born in the colony), names like John and Mary Smith can still lead to confusion. There was at least one other unrelated Smith on the Barwell in 1798. In any case, in the 1828 census, the following are to be found: Robert Smith, 36, Barwell 1798, Landholder, Campbell Rv., Bathurst - presumably the same Robert Smith who in the Muster List of 1823/4/5 is "employed by Mr Marsden, Parramatta" (see below); John Smith, 34, CF, Barwell 1798, P, Farmer, Res. Lr. Portland Hd. with 24-year-old wife Emma Maria, BC, and 4 children, all of course BC; James Smith, 33, CF, Barwell 1798, Presbyterian, Superintendent of Govt. Stock, Grose Farm, Petersham, and his wife Ann Maria, 28, CF, Nile 1801 and 15-month-old son, BC.

In summary, the children of John and Mary Smith were as follows (stories supplied by Margaret Hardwick):

John Smith Sr. and others were jailed during the Rum Rebellion for refusing to participate in what they considered an illegal muster ordered by Johnston and Macarthur. (Most of the early free settlers were pro-Bligh.) Shortly thereafter, he was restored to favour and served on what is said to have been the first jury in N.S.W.

John Smith and his descendants became leading pioneers and citizens of the Bathurst-Orange-Cudal-Molong districts. John Smith died in Baulkham Hills on 12 Aug 1846, aged 84 years, and was buried in the family vault in St. John's cemetery, Parramatta where his wife Mary was also buried after her death on 26 Aug 1835.

Smith family vault, St. John's
Smith vault inscription, St. John's